110
Dynamics
of
the
Vascular
System
iliac
Artery
lI;-:-,
4
,l~,;~,,€,;,;,,;,l,
4
,
10
l;c;,;,,;',€;,;,
,ll,,i,;
,,,,,,,,,,
€$,f€{
,
-
22
2
0
.g
0
5
10
15
0
5
10
15
0
-
Femoral Artery
Carotid Artery
9
6
6f
4
4
2
2
0
5
10
15
0
5
10
15
Frequency
(Hz)
Fig.
4.3.7:
Phase velocities obtained in the (a) lower abdominal aorta,
(b)
iliac artery, (c)
femoral artery, and (d) carotid artery. From Li et al.
(1981).
4.4
Wave Reflection Phenomena
4.4.1
Influence
of
Wave Reflections on Pressure and Flow Waveforms
The amplification of pressure pulses has been attributed to the in-phase
summation of reflected waves arising from structural and geometric
nonuniformities. The microvascular beds have been recognized as the
principal reflection sites. Thus, pulsatile pressure and flow waveforms
contain information about the heart as well as the vascular system.
Reflection in the vascular system has been suggested as a closed-end
